微信开发的一些笔记
给企业号号用户发送消息
微信的企业号中国有通讯录，可以给用户分部门，添加标签等。企业号号有发送消息的API。
POST https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/send?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN
我以前有个误会，以为获取ACCESS_TOKEN和其它的API请求只能从“微信服务器”发出。其实不是的，可以从任何地方。这样就可以做本地脚本来发送信息到微信中。
POST数据的文本消息格式：
{
"touser": "UserID1|UserID2|UserID3",
"toparty": " PartyID1 | PartyID2 ",
"totag": " TagID1 | TagID2 ",
"msgtype": "text",
"agentid": 1,
"text": {
"content": "Holiday Request For Pony(http://xxxxx)"
},
"safe":0
}
其中toparty是部门ID；totag是标签ID；touser是用户ID，@all表示关注该企业应用所有人。
python示例
def sendMesg_ent(self, access_token, content):
'''
Send message to Enterprise account
'''
url = 'https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/send?access_token='+access_token
postdata = {
"touser": TOUSER,
"toparty": PARTYID,
"totag": TAGID,
"msgtype": "text",
"agentid": AGENTID,
"text": {
"content": content
},
"safe":0
}
req = urllib2.Request(url)
req.add_header('Content-Type','application/json;charset=utf-8')
data = json.dumps(postdata, ensure_ascii=False)
wxLogger.info('SEND MESSAGE -- %s' % data)
response = urllib2.urlopen(req,data)
return response.read()
java示例
private String sendMsg_ent(String token, String toUser, String content) throws Exception {
String senMessageUrl = "https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/send?access_token=";
String url = senMessageUrl+token;
JSONObject data = new JSONObject();
JSONObject contentObj = new JSONObject();
contentObj.put("content", content);
data.put("touser", toUser);
data.put("toparty", "");
data.put("totag", "");
data.put("msgtype", "text");
data.put("agentid", Integer.valueOf(appid));
data.put("text", contentObj);
data.put("safe",0);
String dataStr = data.toString();
System.out.println(dataStr);
String reslut = postRequestWithString(url, dataStr);
return reslut;
}
给订阅号和服务号用户发送消息
订阅号和服务号没有主动发送消息的API。但是提供模板消息接口API，虽然对发送模板消息的场景有限制，但是对于“故障告警”类的模板消息倒是挺友好。
还有就是把消息发送给谁的问题，微信提供了标签相关API，可以给要接收消息的用户设置标签。过程如下：
- 在微信公众号平台中选择添加模板，记下你的模板ID。
- 在微信公众号平台中为用户设置标签。然后获取该标签名称的标签ID。
- 通过标签ID获取获取所有用户的ID
- 发送模板消息到每个用户ID
python示例
def sendMesg_sub(self, access_token, msgurl, severity, alertType, alertDate, device, monitorGroup,rcaMessage ):
'''
Send message to Enterprise account. Using template OPENTM207112010
Used API: https://mp.weixin.qq.com/wiki?t=resource/res_main&id=mp1433751277&token=&lang=zh_CN
Used Message Template: https://mp.weixin.qq.com/advanced/tmplmsg?action=tmpl_preview&t=tmplmsg/preview&id=OPENTM207112010&token=713914582&lang=zh_CN
'''
ids = self.getTagIds(access_token, ToTags)
users = self.getSubTagedUsers(access_token, ids)
title = "--- 来自xxx的告警 ---"
url = 'https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/template/send?access_token={0}'.format(access_token)
if severity.lower() in ['critical', 'error', 'down', '严重', '严重的', '停止', '服务停止', '错误']:
severitycolor="#FF0000"
else:
severitycolor="#173177"
for user in users:
try:
color="#173177"
data={"first":{"value":title, "color":"#673ab7"},"keyword1":{"value":severity,"color":severitycolor},"keyword2":{"value":alertType,"color":color},"keyword3":{"value":alertDate,"color":color},"keyword4":{"value":device,"color":color},"keyword5":{"value":monitorGroup,"color":color},"remark":{"value":rcaMessage}}
dict_arr = {'touser': user, 'template_id':MsgTemplateId, 'url':msgurl, 'topcolor':color,'data':data}
json_template = json.dumps(dict_arr)
wxLogger.info('SEND MESSAGE -- %s' % json_template)
response = urllib2.urlopen(url,json_template)
wxLogger.info(response.read())
except Exception, e:
print ' ---- %r' % e
wxLogger.info('[!] Could not send message to user %r.' % user)
raise
def getSubTagedUsers(self, access_token, tagname):
'''
Get user id list of the users who taged by the 'tagname'
Used API: https://mp.weixin.qq.com/wiki?t=resource/res_main&id=mp1421140837&token=&lang=zh_CN
tagname: is a list
'''
ids = self.getTagIds(access_token, ToTags)
if not ids:
wxLogger.info('[!] Could not get tags id.')
return None
url = 'https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/user/tag/get?access_token={0}'.format(access_token)
users =[]
for id in ids:
try:
postdata = {
"tagid" : id,
"next_openid":""
#TOFIX: if send too many tags realistically, we should pass next_openid
}
req = urllib2.Request(url)
req.add_header('Content-Type','application/json;charset=utf-8')
data = json.dumps(postdata)
response = urllib2.urlopen(req,data).read()
# {"count":2,"data":{"openid":["osQhiuOAGCM96q6e8gAkTFpHf_60","osQhiuHgVRrK5ciDxVvk17OEU66Q"]},"next_openid":"osQhiuHgVRrK5ciDxVvk17OEU66Q"}
resDir = json.loads(response)
users += resDir['data']['openid']
except Exception, e:
wxLogger.info('[!] Could not get user id.')
return list(set(users))
def getTagIds(self, access_token, namelist):
'''
Fetch tag id(s) of tag name(s)
Used API: https://mp.weixin.qq.com/wiki?t=resource/res_main&id=mp1421140837&token=&lang=zh_CN
'''
try:
url = 'https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/tags/get?access_token={0}'.format(access_token)
response = urllib2.urlopen(url).read().decode('utf-8')
# {"tags":[{"id":2,"name":"星标组","count":0},{"id":100,"name":"ME测试","count":1},{"id":102,"name":"ME支持","count":0}]}
resDir = json.loads(response)
except Exception, e:
return None
taglist = resDir['tags']
ids = [x['id'] for x in taglist if x['name'] in namelist]
return ids·
java示例
/*
Send message to Enterprise account. Using template OPENTM207112010
Used API: https://mp.weixin.qq.com/wiki?t=resource/res_main&id=mp1433751277&token=&lang=zh_CN
Used Message Template: https://mp.weixin.qq.com/advanced/tmplmsg?action=tmpl_preview&t=tmplmsg/preview&id=OPENTM207112010&token=713914582&lang=zh_CN
*/
private String sendMsg_sub(String token, String tagNames, String alarmurl, String severity,
String alertType, String alertDate, String device, String monitorGroup, String rcaMessage) throws Exception {
ArrayList<Integer> ids = this.getTagIds(token, tagNames);
ArrayList<String> users = this.getUsers(token,ids);
StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer();
String url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/template/send?access_token="+token;
String[] critcal = {"critical", "error", "down", "严重", "严重的", "停止", "错误", "服务停止"};
String title = "--- 来自ME产品的运维告警 ---";
String color = "#173177";
String severityColor=color;
if (Arrays.asList(critcal).contains(severity.toLowerCase())){
severityColor = "#FF0000";
}
for (int i=0; i<users.size(); i++){
String user = users.get(i);
JSONObject postdata = new JSONObject();
postdata.put("touser", user);
postdata.put("url", alarmurl);
postdata.put("template_id", MsgTemplateId);
postdata.put("topcolor", color);
JSONObject data = new JSONObject();
JSONObject first = new JSONObject();
first.put("value", title);
first.put("color", "#673ab7");
data.put("first", first);
JSONObject node1 = new JSONObject();
node1.put("value", severity);
node1.put("color", severityColor);
data.put("keyword1", node1);
JSONObject node2 = new JSONObject();
node2.put("value", alertType);
node2.put("color", color);
data.put("keyword2", node2);
JSONObject node3 = new JSONObject();
node3.put("value", alertDate);
node3.put("color", color);
data.put("keyword3", node3);
JSONObject node4 = new JSONObject();
node4.put("value", device);
node4.put("color", color);
data.put("keyword4", node4);
JSONObject node5 = new JSONObject();
node5.put("value", monitorGroup);
node5.put("color", color);
data.put("keyword5", node5);
JSONObject remark = new JSONObject();
remark.put("value", rcaMessage);
data.put("remark", remark);
postdata.put("data", data);
String datastr = postdata.toString();
System.out.println(datastr);
result.append(postRequestWithString(url, datastr));
}
return result.toString();
}
/*
Get user id list of the users who taged by the 'tagname'
Used API: https://mp.weixin.qq.com/wiki?t=resource/res_main&id=mp1421140837&token=&lang=zh_CN
*/
private ArrayList<String> getUsers(String token, ArrayList<Integer> ids) throws Exception {
ArrayList<String> result = new ArrayList<String>();
String url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/user/tag/get?access_token="+token;
for(int i=0;i<ids.size();i++){
JSONObject postdata = new JSONObject();
postdata.put("tagid", ids.get(i));
postdata.put("next_openid", "");
String data = postdata.toString();
String postResponse = postRequestWithString(url, data);
// {"count":2,"data":{"openid":["osQhiuOAGCM96q6e8gAkTFpHf_60","osQhiuHgVRrK5ciDxVvk17OEU66Q"]},"next_openid":"osQhiuHgVRrK5ciDxVvk17OEU66Q"}
JSONObject resobj = new JSONObject(postResponse);
JSONObject dataobj = (JSONObject) resobj.get("data");
JSONArray idsobj = (JSONArray) dataobj.get("openid");
Iterator<Object> itor = idsobj.iterator();
while(itor.hasNext()){
String id = (String) itor.next();
if (!result.contains(id)){
result.add(id);
}
}
}
return result;
}
/*
Fetch tag id(s) of tag name(s)
Used API: https://mp.weixin.qq.com/wiki?t=resource/res_main&id=mp1421140837&token=&lang=zh_CN
*/
private ArrayList<Integer> getTagIds(String token, String tagNames) throws Exception {
ArrayList<Integer> ids = new ArrayList<Integer>();
String names[];
if (tagNames.indexOf("|")!=-1){
names = tagNames.split("|");
}else{
names = new String[1];
names[0]=tagNames;
}
List<String> namelist = Arrays.asList(names);
String url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/tags/get?access_token="+token;
String tagResponse = getRequest(url);
JSONObject jobj = new JSONObject(tagResponse);
//{"tags":[{"id":2,"name":"星标组","count":0},{"id":100,"name":"ME测试","count":1},{"id":102,"name":"ME支持","count":0}]}
JSONArray tagArray = jobj.getJSONArray("tags");
Iterator<Object> iterator = tagArray.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()){
JSONObject ob = (JSONObject) iterator.next();
String name = ob.getString("name");
if (namelist.contains(name)){
ids.add((Integer) ob.get("id"));
}
}
//TODO: get the tag ids from JSONArray and name list
return ids;
}
在网页中获取企业号的用户名称
在企业号中的主页型应用，或者打开的链接后，如何获取当前微信用户的名称呢？
过程是：
步骤1在页面中执行，用js
var code = window.location.href.split('code=')[1].split("&")[0]
var getCodeUrl = 'https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2/authorize?appid='+APPID+'&redirect_uri='+REDIRECT_URI+'&response_type=code&scope=snsapi_base&state=STATE#wechat_redirect';
// use ajax to fetch user name from my wechat server
$.get('http://mySite/getnickname?code='+code+'&atype='+accountType, function(data,status){
nickname = data;
});
步骤2、3在微信服务器中中执行，python示例：
#get api access_token http://qydev.weixin.qq.com/wiki/index.php?title=%E4%B8%BB%E5%8A%A8%E8%B0%83%E7%94%A8
url = "https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/gettoken?corpid={0}&corpsecret={1}".format('corpid', 'secret')
response = urllib2.urlopen(url).read().decode('utf-8')
resDir = json.loads(response)
access_token = resDir['access_token'] # 获得access_token
#get user id http://qydev.weixin.qq.com/wiki/index.php?title=OAuth%E9%AA%8C%E8%AF%81%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3
url = "https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/user/getuserinfo?access_token={0}&code={1}".format(access_token, code)
response = urllib2.urlopen(url).read().decode('utf-8')
resDir = json.loads(response)
userid = resDir['UserId'] # access_token + code获得 Userid
#get user name http://qydev.weixin.qq.com/wiki/index.php?title=%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E6%88%90%E5%91%98#.E8.8E.B7.E5.8F.96.E6.88.90.E5.91.98
url = 'https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/user/get?access_token={0}&userid={1}'.format(access_token, userid)
response = urllib2.urlopen(url).read().decode('utf-8')
resDir = json.loads(response)
username = resDir['name']
nickname = username # Userid 换用户名
在网页中获取订阅号和服务号的用户名称
步骤：
- 第一步：用户同意授权，获取code
- 第二步：通过code换取网页授权access_token
- 第三步：刷新access_token（如果需要）
- 第四步：拉取用户信息(需scope为 snsapi_userinfo)
步骤1在页面中执行，用js
var code = window.location.href.split('code=')[1].split("&")[0]
var getCodeUrl = 'https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2/authorize?appid='+APPID+'&redirect_uri='+REDIRECT_URI+'&response_type=code&scope=snsapi_base&state=STATE#wechat_redirect';
// use ajax to fetch user name from my wechat server
$.get('http://mySite/getnickname?code='+code+'&atype='+accountType, function(data,status){
nickname = data;
});
剩下的步骤在微信服务器中执行：
Oauthurl = 'https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token?appid={0}&secret={1}&code={2}&grant_type=authorization_code'.format('appid', 'secret', code)
response = urllib2.urlopen(Oauthurl).read().decode('utf-8')
wxLogger.info(response)
resDir = json.loads(response)
openid = resDir['openid']
access_token = resDir['access_token'] # code换取了openid和access_token
userInfoUrl = 'https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/userinfo?access_token={0}&openid={1}&lang=zh_CN'.format(access_token, openid)
response = urllib2.urlopen(userInfoUrl).read().decode('utf-8')
wxLogger.info(response)
resDir = json.loads(response)
nickname = resDir['nickname'] # openid和access_token换取了用户名
参考：