几种通过IPMI获取IBM服务器硬件信息的方法
IPMI
IPMI（Intelligent Platform Management Interface）即智能平台管理接口是使硬件管理具备“智能化”的新一代通用接口标准。 用户可以利用IPMI监视服务器的物理特征，如温度、电压、电扇工作状态、电源供应以及机箱入侵等。 IPMI最大的优势在于它是独立于CPU BIOS和OS的，所以用户无论在开机还是关机的状态下，只要接通电源就可以实现对服务器的监控。 IPMI是一种规范的标准，其中最重要的物理部件就是BMC(Baseboard Management Controller)，一种嵌入式管理微控制器，它相当于整个平台管理的“大脑”，通过它 IPMI可以监控各个传感器的数据并记录各种事件的日志。 是管理基于Intel架构的企业系统中所使用的外围设备采用的一种工业标准，该标准由英特尔、惠普、NEC、美国戴尔电脑和SuperMicro等公司制定。 一般这时候会接触到“带外”这个概念：
带外：使用低级硬件智能管理（带外）而不使用操作系统进行管理（带内）。
BMC：
IPMI：
启用IPMI和配置网络
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DELL服务器启动过程中，会提示用户按下Ctrl+E进行有关设置
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IBM开机自检的过程中根据提示按F1进入UEFI设置
Web控制台 － IMM
使用浏览器打开http://<上面配置的IP地址>。在接下来的登录界面中输入默认的用户名USERID和密码PASSW0RD，其中0是数字0，非字母O。
登录后就可以进行telnet/ssh、SNMP等配置。当然还可以查看各硬件的数据。例如电源、风扇、温度等。IMM2和IMM相比，提供更多内存、磁盘等信息。
黑色界面为代表的IMM界面（M4以前的），在配置完成IP地址后，需要点击左侧的 Restart IMM重新启动IMM。以蓝色界面为代表的IMM2界面（M4以后的），在点击Apply应用配置以后，需要在当前页面停留3分钟左右。不需要重启IMM，配置会自动生效。生效后，需要重新配置笔记本IP。重启IMM不影响操作系统的正常运行，可放心操作。
登录后的IMM的界面如下：
IMM2的界面如下：
命令行telnet/ssh
所有的命令：
Legacy CLI Application
system>?
? -- Display command list
clearcfg -- Resets the IMM to its default settings
clearlog -- Clear IMM event log
clock -- Display/set date, time, GMT offset, and dst setting
console -- Exit CLI, attach to serial console
dhcpinfo -- View DHCP server assigned settings
dns -- Display the current configuration of the IMM
exit -- Exit CLI (log off)
fans -- Displays the fan speed for all system fans
help -- Display command list
history -- Display history of last 8 commands
identify -- Control system locator LED
ifconfig -- Ethernet configuration
ldap -- LDAP configuration
ntp -- Displays and configures the Network Time Protocol
passwordcfg -- Password configuration
portcfg -- Serial port configuration
power -- Control server power
readlog -- Displays the IMM event log, five entries at a time
reset -- Reset server
resetsp -- Reset IMM
slp -- View/edit SLP parameters
srcfg -- Serial redirection configuration
ssl -- SSL configuration
syshealth -- System Health
temps -- Display system temperatures
timeouts -- Server timeouts configuration
users -- User profile configuration
update -- Update firmware
usbeth -- Inband (Ethernet over USB) interface
volts -- Displays all the voltages and voltage thresholds
vpd -- Display VPD
system>
python的telnet连接方法：
import telnetlib
import os
host = '192.168.0.199'
username = 'USERID'
password = 'PASSW0RD'
finish = 'system>'
linesep = os.linesep
commands = ['fans','volts','temps','syshealth']
tn = telnetlib.Telnet(host, port=23, timeout=10)
tn.read_until('login : ')
tn.write(username + linesep)
tn.read_until('Password:')
tn.write(password + linesep)
tn.read_until(finish)
output=''
for command in commands:
tn.write(command+linesep)
output+=tn.read_until(finish)
tn.close()
IPMI工具
以ipmiutil为例（http://ipmiutil.sourceforge.net/）连接IPMI端口623/udp
ipmiutil说明：
$ ipmiutil
ipmiutil ver 2.95
Usage: ipmiutil <command> [other options]
where <command> is one of the following:
alarms show/set the front panel alarm LEDs and relays
leds show/set the front panel alarm LEDs and relays
discover discover all IPMI servers on this LAN
cmd send a specified raw IPMI command to the BMC
config list/save/restore BMC configuration parameters
dcmi get/set DCMI parameters
ekanalyzer run EKeying analyzer on FRU files (deprecated, see fru)
events decode IPMI events and display them
firewall show/set firmware firewall functions
fru show decoded FRU inventory data, write asset tag
fwum OEM firmware update manager extensions
getevt get IPMI events and display them, event daemon
getevent get IPMI events and display them, event daemon
health check and show the basic health of the IPMI BMC
hpm HPM firmware update manager extensions
lan show/set IPMI LAN parameters and PEF table
picmg show/set picmg extended functions
power issue IPMI reset or power control to the system
reset issue IPMI reset or power control to the system
sel show/clear firmware System Event Log records
sensor show Sensor Data Records, readings, thresholds
serial show/set IPMI Serial & Terminal Mode parameters
sol start/stop an SOL console session
smcoem SuperMicro OEM functions
sunoem Sun OEM functions
delloem Dell OEM functions
tsol Tyan SOL console start/stop session
wdt show/set/reset the watchdog timer
common IPMI LAN options:
-N node Nodename or IP address of target system
-U user Username for remote node
-P/-R pswd Remote Password
-E use password from Environment IPMI_PASSWORD
-F force driver type (e.g. imb, lan2)
-J 0 use lanplus cipher suite 0: 0 thru 14, 3=default
-T 1 use auth Type: 1=MD2, 2=MD5(default), 4=Pswd
-V 2 use priVilege level: 2=user(default), 4=admin
-Y prompt for remote password
-Z set slave address of local MC
For help on each command (e.g. 'sel'), enter:
ipmiutil sel -?
ipmiutil , usage or help requested
python调用ipmiutil方法：
import subprocess
def runCMDBySubProcess(cmd):
p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE,shell=True)
output, err = p.communicate()
p_status = p.wait()
return (p_status, output)
def main(host, user, passwd):
sensorCmd = 'ipmiutil sensor -N '+host+' -U '+user+' -P '+passwd+' -s'
healthCmd = 'ipmiutil health -N '+host+' -U '+user+' -P '+passwd
sensorOutput = runCMDBySubProcess(sensorCmd)
healthOutput = runCMDBySubProcess(healthCmd)
SNMP
在IMM中配置SNMP代理。如下图：
IMM的mib文件在IBM Fix Central下载IMM升级包后解压找mib文件。
然后在MIB浏览器中查看硬件数据：
Java编程获取：
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import com.adventnet.snmp.beans.SnmpTarget;
public class IpmiSnmpTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SnmpTarget target = new SnmpTarget();
String host="192.168.0.199";
String community="public";
target.setTargetHost(host);
target.setTargetPort(161);
target.setCommunity(community);
target.setSnmpVersion(0);
target.setTimeout(30);
processIBMHWData(target);
}
private static void processIBMHWData(SnmpTarget target) {
HashMap<String,String> tables = new HashMap<String,String>();
tables.put("TMP", ".1.3.6.1.4.1.2.3.51.3.1.1.2");
tables.put("VOLT", ".1.3.6.1.4.1.2.3.51.3.1.2.2");
tables.put("FAN", ".1.3.6.1.4.1.2.3.51.3.1.3.2");
tables.put("Error", ".1.3.6.1.4.1.2.3.51.3.2.1.1");
HashMap<String,String> attributes=new HashMap<String,String>();
attributes.put("Power Status", ".1.3.6.1.4.1.2.3.51.3.5.1.1.0");
attributes.put("System Status",".1.3.6.1.4.1.2.3.51.3.5.1.4.0");
ArrayList resultt=getTableRows(tables);
// to handle the result
String results=getAttributes(attributes);
// to handle the result
}
private static ArrayList getTableRows(SnmpTarget target,String oid){
//method to get table data from snmp agent
}
private static String getAttributes(SnmpTarget target,String oid){
//method to get attribute data from snmp agent
}
}
SNMP陷阱
在IMM配置SNMP陷阱发送到网管系统：
** 请戳这里查看所有相关代码
参考：