Selenium笔记 - 基础知识

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

# start a browser 
# or use Chrome, search and download chromedriver file and put it to you folder in OS path, `driver = webdriver.Chrome()`
# or use phantomjs, download it and then sepcify its path: `driver = webdriver.PhantomJS(executable_path=r'D:\phantomjs-2.1.1-windows\bin\phantomjs.exe') `
driver = webdriver.Firefox()

driver.get('http://cn.bing.com')

#refresh
driver.refresh()

#find element 
# find\_element and find\_elements
driver.find_element_by_id('scpl0')
driver.find_element(By.ID,'scpl0')

driver.find_element_by_name('xx')
driver.find_element(By.NAME,'xx')

driver.find_element_by_class_name('sc_hl1')
driver.find_element(By.CLASS_NAME,'sc_hl1')

driver.find_element_by_tag_name('body')
driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME,'body')

driver.find_element_by_link_text('Images')
driver.find_element(By.LINK_NAME,'Images')

driver.find_element_by_partial_text('Online')
driver.find_element(By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT,'Online')

driver.find_element_by_css_selector('#scpl0')
driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,'#scpl0')

driver.find_elements_by_xpath('//input')
driver.find_elements(By.XPATH,'//input')

# get element's attribute
element.get_attribute('href')

# play with element
element.click()
# except click, other aciton need import ActionChains class
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
chain = ActionChains(driver)
chain.context_click(element).perform()
chain.double_click(element).perform()
chain.move_to_element(element).perform()
chain.drag_and_drop(source_element, target_element).perform()

# keyboard
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
element.send_keys('xxx')
element.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
element.send_keys(Keys.TAB) 
element.send_keys(Keys.BACKSPACE)
element.send_keys(Keys.CONTROL, 'a')  #ctrl+a

element.clear()

element.submit()

#select
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select
select  =  Select(driver.find_element_by_tag_name('select')
select.deselect_all()  #<select name="" multiple>
select.select_by_visible_text('IT360')
select.select_by_index(3)
select.select_by_value('IT360')

#alert dialog
alert = driver.switch_to.alert
alert.accept()
alert.dismiss() #confirm()  prompt()
alert.send_keys('haha') #prompt()
alert.text

#execute javascript
driver.execute_script('alert("hh")')
driver.execute_script('return $(".className")')  #get a WebElement object
js1='document.body.scrollTop=0'  # scroll to top
js2='document.body.scrollTop=10000'  #scroll to bottom
driver.execute_script(js1)
driver.execute_script(js2)

#window handle
driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles[1])

# frame
driver.switch_to_frame('f1')  # iframe's id is 'f1'

#Explicit wait and its condition
element = WebDriverWait(driver,10).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,'xxxx')))
# more condition refer: http://seleniumhq.github.io/selenium/docs/api/py/webdriver_support/selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.html#module-selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions

# the way to handle alert : 1  catch UnexpectedAlertPresentException

try:
    driver.get(courseurl)
    time.sleep(3)
except selenium.common.exceptions.UnexpectedAlertPresentException, e:
    print 'I got alert exception at location 1'
    alert = driver.switch_to.alert
    alert.accept()

# the way to handle alert : 2  Explicit wait

driver.execute_script('window.setTimeout ( function() { alert ("Test"); }, 3000);') 
time.sleep(1)  # this sleep is a workabroud for selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: unknown error: unhandled inspector error: {"code":-32000,"message":"Could not handle JavaScript dialog"}  # https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromedriver/issues/detail?id=1633#c4  # https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromedriver/issues/detail?id=1500
alert = WebDriverWait(driver, 5).until(EC.alert_is_present())
if alert:
    myLogger.info(u'--- Expected alert appeared:{}'.format(alert.text))
    alert.accept()


#Implicit Wait
driver.implicitly_wait(5)

#Driver 
driver.maximize_window()
driver.set_window_size(800,600)
driver.title
driver.current_url
driver.back()
driver.forward()

#Cookie, get cookies
for cookie in driver.get_cookies():
    print '%s -> %s' % (cookie['name'],cookie['value'])

#Cookie, get a cookie
driver.get_cookie('cookiename')

#Cookie, add a cookie
driver.add_cookie({'name':'key','value':'value','path':'/'})

#Cookie, delete a cookie
driver.delete_cookie('cookiename')

#Cookie, delete all cookies
driver.delete_all_cookies()

#change user-agent
profile = webdriver.FirefoxProfile()
profile.set_preference('general.useragent.override',"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; Intel Mac OS X 10.11; rv:45.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/45.0")

#Get html code of a element
element.get_attribute('innerHTML')

#WebDriver default timeout   <https://stackoverflow.com/questions/17533024/how-to-set-selenium-python-webdriver-default-timeout>  <https://stackoverflow.com/questions/30114976/the-default-value-of-timeouts-on-selenium-webdriver>
driver.set_page_load_timeout(30)   #This will throw a __TimeoutException__ whenever the page load takes more than 30 seconds.


#Reload page and open new page by js
driver.execute_script('location.reload();location="http://cn.bing.com"')