python有4种内置的数据结构（表示一组数据的集合）：
list :

  • 使用方括号[]
  • 可修改
  • help(list)
#!python
#filename using_list.py
#this is my shopping list
shoplist=['apple','mango','carrot','banan']
print('I have',len(shoplist),'items to purchase.')
print('These items are:',end=' ')
for item in shoplist:
    print(item, end=' ')

print('\nI also have to buy rice.')
shoplist.append('rice')
print('My shopping list is now',shoplist)

print('I will sort my shopping list now.')
shoplist.sort()
print('Sorted shopping list is',shoplist)

print('The first item I wil buy is',shoplist[0])

olditem=shoplist[0]
del shoplist[0]
print('I bought the',olditem)
print('my shopping list is now',shoplist)


delimiter = '_*_'
mylist = ['Brazil', 'Russia', 'India', 'China']
print(delimiter.join(mylist))

tuple:

  • 使用小括号()
  • 不可修改
  • 空的tuple：emptytuple()
  • 只有个一个元素的tuple：singletuple(x,)
  • list和tuple在其他的list、tuple中的索引不变（这和perl不同）
#!python
#filename using_tuple.py
zoo=('python','elephant','penguin')#括号是可选的
print('Number of animals in the zoo is',len(zoo))

new_zoo='monkey','camel',zoo
print('Number of cages in the new zoo is',len(new_zoo))
print('All animals in new zoo are',new_zoo)
print('Animals bought from old zoo are',new_zoo[2])
print('Last animal brought from old zoo is', new_zoo[2][2])
print('Number oof animals in the new zoo is',len(new_zoo)-1+len(new_zoo[2]))

dictionary:

  • help(dict)
#!python
#filename using_dict.py
ab={'Swaroop'   :'swaroop@swaroopch.com',
    'Larry'     :'larry@wall.org',
    'Matsumoto' :'matz@ruby-lang.org',
    'Spammer'   :'spammer@hotmail.com'
    }
print("Swaroop's address is",ab['Swaroop'])
  • 另外一种定义dict的方法
    bob=dict(name='Bob Smith',age=42,pay=30000,job='dev')
  • 还可以这样定义
    >>> sue={}
    >>> sue['name']='Sue Jones'
    >>> sue['age']=45
    >>> sue['pay']=40000
    >>> sue['job']='hdw'
    >>> sue
    {'job': 'hdw', 'pay': 40000, 'age': 45, 'name': 'Sue Jones'}
  • 还有zip：
    >>> names=['name','aga','pay','job']
    >>> values=['Sue Jones',45,40000,'hdw']
    >>> list(zip(names,values))
    [('name', 'Sue Jones'), ('aga', 45), ('pay', 40000), ('job', 'hdw')]
    >>> sue=dict(zip(names,values))
    >>> sue
    {'aga': 45, 'pay': 40000, 'job': 'hdw', 'name': 'Sue Jones'}
  • 删除
    del ab['Spammer']
    print('\nThere are {0} contacts in the address-book\n'.format(len(ab)))
    for name,address in ab.items():
        print('Contact {0} at {1}'.format(name,address))
  • 添加
    ab['Guido']='guido@python.org'
    if 'Guido' in ab:
        print("\nGuido's address is", ab['Guido'])

sequence

  • 主要功能是“关系”和“索引”
#!python
#filename seq.py
shoplist=['apple','mango','carrot','banana']
name='swaroop'
#索引
print('Item 0 is',shoplist[0])
print('Item 1 is',shoplist[1])
print('Item 2 is',shoplist[2])
print('Item 3 is',shoplist[3])
print('Item -1 is',shoplist[-1])
print('Item -2 is',shoplist[-2])
print('Item -3 is',shoplist[-3])
print('Item -4 is',shoplist[-4])
print('Charactoer 0 is',name[0])
#片段
print('\nItem 1 to 3 is',shoplist[1:3])
print('Item 2 to end is',shoplist[2:])
print('Item 1 to -1 is',shoplist[1:-1])
print('Item start to end is', shoplist[:])

print('\ncharacter 1 to 3 is',name[1:3])
print('character 2 to end is',name[2:])
print('character 1 to -1 is',name[1:-1])
print('character start to end is',name[:])

#step
print('\nDefault step is 1',shoplist[::1])
print('step is 2',shoplist[::2])
print('step is 3',shoplist[::3])
print('step is -1',shoplist[::-1])

set

  • 无序
#!python
#filename set.py
bri=set(['brazil','russia','india'])
print('india' in bri)
print('usa' in bri)

bric=bri.copy()
bric.add('china')
print(bric.issuperset(bri))

bri.remove('russia')
print(bri&bric)
print(bri.intersection(bric))

reference

#!python
#filename reference.py
print('Smiple Assignment')
shoplist=['apple','mango','carrot','banana']

mylist=shoplist

del shoplist[0]
print('shoplist is',shoplist)
print('mylist is',mylist)

print('Copy by making a full slice')
mylist=shoplist[:]
del mylist[0]

print('shoplist is',shoplist)
print('mylist is',mylist)

参考：python Data Structures